The influence of storage on the morphology and physiology of phthalic acid-degrading aerobic granules

The precultured aerobic granules with special degradabilities could be used as a feasible bioseed for enhancement of aerobic granulation systems. In practice, the storage stability, physicochemical characteristics, and recovering efficiency of granules are crucial for a long-distance transportation and successful application. In this study, phthalic acid (PA)-degrading aerobic granules were cultivated and stored for 8 wk at 4 °C. The granular size, settling ability as well as structure integrity was found stable during the storage period. It was observed that the upper 1/3 part of granules stored in the reagent bottle turned to black color, while the lower 2/3 part granules did not significantly change color (brown–yellow) after the 8-wk storage. The black and brown–yellow color PA-degrading granules were manually separated and re-inoculated into two identical sequencing batch reactors for reviving the PA degradation capability. After a 7 d operation, both black and yellow granules restored their activities to the levels before storage, in terms of total organic carbon removal efficiency (100%), specific oxygen uptake rate (59 mg g VSS⁻¹ h⁻¹), and adenosine triphosphate content (0.016 mg g VSS⁻¹). This study demonstrated that aerobic granules grown on a complex substrate could tolerate storage conditions and rapidly restored their bioactivities toward the target pollutant. The results also shed the light on the future application of precultured aerobic granules with unique functions for biodegradation and bioremediation purpose.     

Emission Inventories of Carbon-containing Greenhouse Gases in China and Technological Measures for Their Abatement

The report summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked. The first part of the report, which appeared in the preceding issue of this journal, deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historic evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. This very paper, as the second part of the report, covers the results of carbon dynamics modeling, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

阿坝州室内氡及子体水平与肺癌患病率关系的研究

本文报道了四川省阿坝州高原山区各县室内氧及子体浓度,并对阿坝州各县肺癌患病进行了流调。全州室内氧浓度范围值0.5～374.1Bqm~(_3)X:22.7Bqm~(-3);Xg:16.3Bqm~(-3),子体浓度范围值0.32～87.6mwl;X:6.0mwl;Xg:3.94mwl。研究表明:肺癌患病率与氡浓度有相关关系,r=0.6,p<0.01。     

重金属对方形网纹溞的毒性研究

在静置换水条件下，研究了重金属对方形网纹的急性毒性和生活周期毒性。Ｈｇ２＋、Ｃｕ２＋、Ｃｒ６＋和Ｚｎ２＋在２５±１℃下对方形网纹的４ｓｈＥＣ５０分别为０．０１００、０．０２５４、０．１４４和０．２８２８ｍｇ／Ｌ。Ｈｇ２＋对方形网纹的７ｄ生活周期毒性试验，以存活、生长和生殖为毒性指标，未觉察反应浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）为５·９μｇＮＬ，最低觉察反应浓度（ＬＯＥｃ）为１１．８３μｇ／Ｌ，其毒性阈限在二者之间。重金属对方形网纹与大型及鱼类的急性毒性比较和Ｈｇ２＋对类生活周期的毒性比较均表明方形网纹较为敏感。     

亚硝酰亚铁螯合物--Ⅰ.NO与FeⅡ螯合物在水溶液中配位的热力学研究

本文报道了一氧化氮在水溶液中与Fe~Ⅱ(NTMP),Fe~Ⅱ(EDTMP),Fe~Ⅱ(TTHA)_(1/2),Fe~Ⅱ(DTPA).Fe~Ⅱ(CyDTA)和Fe~Ⅱ(EGTA)配位的研究.此处NTMP=氨基三甲叉膦酸,EDTMP=乙二胺四甲叉膦酸,TTHA=三乙四胺六乙酸,DTPA=二乙三胺五乙酸,CyDTA=反式-1,2-二胺六环四乙酸,EGTA=乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸.测定了前四个体系的平衡常数、焓变和熵变,这些亚硝酰配合物稳定性的顺序如下:Fe~Ⅱ(NTMP)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(EDTMP)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(TTHA)_(1/2)(NO)>Fe~Ⅱ(DTPA)(NO):后两个体系所生成的亚硝酰配合物的稳定性更低.稳定性随温度升高而降低.pH值和螯合剂浓度对配位反应有影响.螯合物Fe~Ⅱ(L)_m的稳定性与亚硝酰螯合物Fe~Ⅱ(L)_m(NO)的稳定性之间没有简单的相关性.     

NKY树脂吸附水溶性染料的研究

研究了新型树ＮＫＹ对７种水溶性染料的静态吸附特性，结果表明，该树脂对水溶性染料的吸附具有特性效，通过三常数方程非线性回归实验数据可求出吸附过程的△Ｇ＾０，说明ＮＫＹ对染料的第一层吸附为物理和化学作用并存在的过程，多层吸附为典型的物理吸附。由分民比和温度关系曲线可求得△Ｈ＾０，推导出的标准自由熵为正值，说明吸附是自发进行的。     

涂料印花废水污染治理技术

分析了涂料直接印花废水污染物成分和理化性质，提出了该废水的治理措施。     

分散剂及其与胜利原油的混合物对海洋围隔生态系内浮游动、植物的影响

分散剂对某些海洋生物的抑制以及促进初级生产力的现象已为一些研究所证实,而分散剂与原油的混合对生物的影响,由于其污染的增效作用更引起了人们的注意,但上述的研究多见于温带和寒带海域,对于热带、亚热带海域研究尚少。因而,了解污染物对亚热带海域生物区系的影响及地理位置的不同所引起的污染物效应的差别是本研究的中心问题。     

梁子湖水系湖泊营养状况的综合评价

用综合营养状态指数(TSIc),对梁子湖水系的4个湖泊营养状况进行了综合评价,并对4个湖泊的8项主要水化学指标进行了主成分分析。结果表明,洋澜湖、严家湖均呈富营养状态，武四湖、红莲湖分别呈中富营养及中营养状态。磷、硅对第1主成分贡献最大。氮对第2主成分贡献最大，4个湖泊的水质受水中磷含量影响最大。此外，4个湖泊中浮游植物，原生动物数量和生物量与TSIc呈高度一致性。作者认为,对湖泊进行营养状态评价时,既要选准评价因子,又要对水化学参数和生物参数进行综合评价。